She is the third woman to achieve this feat and the first time it happened was in the 21st century, although the prize was created in 1968 as an initiative of the Swedish Central Bank. The idea of also awarding the prize for Economic Sciences came about the time of the celebrations for Alfred Nobel's 300th birthday.

Claudia Goldin is 77 years old, a Professor at Harvard University and, according to the jury who awarded the prize, "has advanced our understanding of the situation of women in the labor market", leading to the conclusion that "women are very under-represented in the world labor market and, when they do work, they earn less than men", recalled the Swedish academy.

Claudia Goldin searched the archives and compiled more than 200 years of data from the United States, "which allowed her to show how and why gender differences in earnings and employment rates have changed over time".

All of this year's Nobel prizes have now been awarded. They represent a cash prize of 11 million Swedish kronor, the equivalent of one million dollars, and the winners will also receive an 18-carat gold medal and a diploma at the award ceremonies in Oslo and Stockholm in December.